This assessment addresses the following Module Learning Outcomes:

1. Critically appraise and examine theories, concepts and processes of leadership, with application to today’s challenges in an ever-changing health and healthcare environment.
2. Explore theories and types of change and explain the social, political and economic factors that may influence the process and speed of a pragmatic change, including key ethical and legal issues within the student’s area of study.  
3. Demonstrate an understanding and rigorous application of skills, techniques and planning tools required in working through the steps and phases of project management.
4. Demonstrate abilities and competencies in creating appropriate and unique solutions while managing and working with the challenges of project delivery.
Assessment Task 

Each student enrolled in this module is required to develop and submit a project management proposal primarily addressing a service improvement, resource development, policy change, capacity building or health improvement with reference to leadership practical skills and competencies.

This proposal will ultimately prepare the student within his/her study area to progress to undertaking a Project Management for an MSc Dissertation whilst providing practical change management and leadership skills to inform professional development.     

You are asked to identify a Challenge that you will work on throughout the module toward the summative assessment. A Challenge is an event or situation in a workplace or a catchment area (e.g., community, borough, and constituency) that adversely affects service delivery, patient care, community health and well-being or the safety of a vulnerable population.

Your Challenge should be derived from your discipline or area of study (Public Health, Biomedical Engineering, Professional Practice, Advanced Clinical Practice, Safeguarding, etc.). Your Challenge may be an event or situation in which you were/are involved, one that you witnessed, or one that you have not experienced but which is important to you.  

However, the scope of the selected Challenge must be clear and manageable: its catchment area should be local (e.g., workplace, community, borough or constituency) rather than global (e.g., nation, country, the world). Consider this Challenge as something you may be working to address in your professional life after graduation.

Introduction     

Contraceptive education is crucial for women's reproductive health and family planning, and it has significant personal and societal repercussions. This program aims to give British women access to thorough contraception information and services. The importance of making educated reproductive decisions globally and the ongoing lack of pertinent data make this work more important than ever.

Due to the high prevalence of unplanned births, which have serious health, social, and economic repercussions, there is insufficient access to contraception information. A 2020 ONS poll found that 36% of births in the United Kingdom were unplanned. Therefore, it is vital to enhance contraceptive education.

Unwanted pregnancies may have profound repercussions on a person's life. The prevalence of unwanted births (44% globally), according to the Guttmacher Institute, is linked to increased rates of maternal and newborn death. Unwanted pregnancies tax the nation's healthcare system in addition to impeding British women from achieving their career and educational goals.

Women in their twenties had the highest rate of unwanted pregnancies, according to the ONS (Cameron, et al. 2020). Compared to nations like France (25%) and Germany (31%), whose curriculum incorporate comprehensive sex education, the United Kingdom has one of the highest rates of unwanted pregnancies in Europe (41%).

The Netherlands has one of the lowest teen pregnancy rates in the world because to its intensive sex education programs. Comprehensive education on contraception can aid in lowering the number of unplanned pregnancies. According to study that was published in The Lancet, nations where sexual education was widely available had much lower rates of unplanned pregnancies and abortions.

This effort falls under the scope of public health since it aims to improve women's reproductive health (Cavallaro, et al. 2020). By giving women more access to information on birth control and reducing the incidence of unplanned pregnancies, this effort seeks to lessen the strain on public and private resources.

The worrisome rates of unplanned births and their wide-ranging effects, in conclusion, highlight the urgent need to improve contraceptive education in the United Kingdom. By embracing best practices from throughout the world and lessons gained, this program aims to enable women to make knowledgeable decisions about their reproductive health.

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Project Initiation

Change Process: Lewin's Change Model
Kurt Lewin developed the Lewin Change Model to study and guide social and organizational change. This method's three crucial steps are defrosting, processing, and refreezing (Apanga, et al. 2020). The project's chances of success as well as any potential roadblocks by using Lewin's Change Model to the campaign to improve women's access to contraception education in the UK.


Figure 1: Lewin's Change Model
(Source: practicalpie.com, 2023)
 

Table 1: Lewin's Change Model
(Source: Self-created)

Force Field Analysis

To ascertain the driving forces behind the project and its limitations, a force field analysis was performed.

Table 2: Force Field Analysis
(Source: Self-created)

Further research was done on the key limiting element known as "Cultural Resistance". It seems that various societies avoid in-depth discussion about contraception due to cultural taboos and customs (Crawford, et al. 2021). Social taboos limit women's liberty by preventing the transmission of appropriate knowledge regarding reproductive health.

The Fishbone Analysis

 
Figure 2: Fishbone Analysis
(Source: Self-created)

An Ishikawa or cause-and-effect diagram known as a "fishbone analysis" was used to look into the causes of the critical limiting factor known as "Cultural Resistance." This report were able to meticulously look into all of the resistance's possible reasons using this image (Lasong, et al. 2020).

In summary Social taboos and reproduction-related concealment were found to be important predictors. The structure of the project may be improved as a result of this research in order to get around the unique cultural obstacles that prevent honest dialogue and well-informed contraceptive decisions.

Goal Statement of Project

By increasing access to knowledge on contraception, women in the UK will be better equipped to make decisions about their reproductive health and fewer unwanted pregnancies will occur.

Objectives of Project

•    To promote awareness from 19% to 56% to ensure that all students and participants in community centres have access to trustworthy, current information on family planning alternatives.
•    To reduce the rates from 87% to 43% to improve contraception education for women in the UK.

Stakeholders 

Beneficiaries:

Table 3: Beneficiaries
(Source: Self-created)

Invested Stakeholders:

Table 4: Invested Stakeholders
(Source: Self-created)

Anticipated Conflicts and Challenges

Information about contemporary contraceptives may encounter cultural opposition if it interferes with long-standing social norms. When resources are already few in a certain location, a lack of readily available finance may make the situation worse.

The value of cultural sensitivity must be emphasized in an all-encompassing education (Miller, et al. 2020). Collaboration between partners that have different goals might lead to conflicts about the project's scope and direction. A research using the Change Model force field found that the UK needs to enhance its contraception education.

The project's stated aims and goals take into consideration the restricting and accelerating factors that have been determined (Böttcher, et al. 2019). Even if everyone stands to benefit from the effort, it must nevertheless overcome challenges including cultural opposition, a lack of finance, and a lack of teamwork to be successful.

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Project Planning And Feasability 

Without initially doing a detailed study of the project's scope, objectives, resources, and potential barriers, its feasibility cannot be ascertained, nor can a complete strategy for its implementation.

Resources and Expertise Needed

A certain set of skills and equipment are required to do the assignment. A thorough contraceptive education program and accompanying teaching materials must be developed by education experts. Healthcare professionals with considerable expertise and training in delivering accurate and unbiased contraceptive counseling are crucial to the distribution of accurate information to the target audience (Heil, et al. 2019).

Web developers' skills would be a huge asset to the endeavor to offer women looking for contraceptive guidance a straightforward online resource. For the greatest impact and reach, sex education must be created in collaboration with educational institutions (Jafree, et al. 2022). Given that the project covers everything from developing the program's concept to executing it and maintaining it throughout time, having enough funding to see the project through from beginning to end is essential.
 

Gantt chart 

                        
Table 5: Gantt chart
(Source: Self-created)

 

Table 6: Description of activities
(Source: Self-created)

Risk Assessment

Table 7: Risk Assessment
(Source: Self-created)
 

Communication Strategies

Table 8: Communication Strategies
(Source: Self-created)
 

Communication and Engagement Plan

Table 9: Communication and Engagement Plan
(Source: Self-created)

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND MONITORING 

Monitoring the status of tasks, resources, and deadlines is crucial during the course of a project's execution in order to ensure that the project is moving toward its goals.

Transition from Planning to Implementation Phase

Following the planning phase, the implementation phase is distinguished by a seamless changeover from conceptual planning to practical implementation. A commencement conference will be convened at this phase to decide the project's scope, approach, and timeline (Jafree, et al. 2022). The group is coming together to clarify everyone's duties and project outputs as well as to build a unified vision. For the first time, all parties concerned will actively work together to put the plan into action.

Implementation and Monitoring Process

The healthcare partnership's actions will be influenced by participatory techniques. Healthcare professionals are encouraged to actively engage in decision-making by being asked for their opinions. With their support, we can improve our methods for distributing reliable contraceptive information.

The Gantt chart will act as a visual roadmap for all project milestones, training sessions, and seminars (Rehnström Loi, et al. 2019). Healthcare providers will be kept up to date on the project's progress and reminded of the importance of their contribution to attaining the project's goals through regular feedback cycles in the communication strategy.

Scenario: Increased Resource Requirement for Online Platform Development

The Gantt chart needs to be updated if more resources are needed to finish developing the online platform. It is possible to control stakeholder expectations by updating the communication strategy to reflect the revised release date (Böttcher, et al. 2019). It's possible that this circumstance calls for a bold leader.

The capacity of the project leader to inspire and encourage the project team and stakeholders is crucial for acquiring the required resources, coordinating everyone's commitment, and guaranteeing the success of the time-consuming construction of the online platform.

Scenario: Risk of Technical Glitches Materializing

A more directive management approach can be required in the event of website technical issues. Adopting forceful steps would be necessary to solve the problems quickly. Stakeholders would be notified about the problem, the steps being taken to remedy it, and any possible effects on the project's timeline through expressly established lines of communication (Miller, et al. 2020).

Technical experts and support staff will be enlisted to create effective fixes for the issues. In conclusion, better communication and teamwork are evident during the shift from planning to implementation. Leaders must act immediately to solve the particular difficulties of a vital undertaking, such as healthcare collaboration (Crawford, et al. 2021).

One may keep track of the project's progress using the Gantt chart and modify the communication plan as required to keep it on time. The likelihood that a leader's initiatives will succeed is higher when the leader is able to modify their ideas and tactics in response to unanticipated challenges.

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Project Evaluation  

Table 10: Project Evaluation  
(Source: Self-created)

Project Assessment

The success of a project in achieving its goals and having the desired impact on its target audience can only be assessed via the assessment phase. The assessment will give a thorough picture of the project's efficacy using quantitative and qualitative data (Cameron, et al. 2020). Before and after the education, we will poll women to see if their opinions or knowledge about contraception have changed.

A comparison of the participants' levels of competence and confidence before and after the training will be used to ascertain the impact of the training sessions on the capacity of healthcare practitioners to interact.

The effectiveness of the online platform will be assessed based on user engagement metrics, and the integration of sex education into the classroom curriculum will be assessed based on student responses to post-integration surveys (Johansson, et al. 2022). These evaluations will throw light on the project's outcomes, enabling a better understanding of its successes and potential improvement areas.

Limitations

Despite the fact that this project is extensive, there are certain limitations that need to be considered. Given the initiative's short lifespan, determining its long-term consequences may be challenging. The eventual outcomes of the project may also be influenced by changes in socioeconomic situations and cultural factors (Cavallaro, et al. 2020).

Data acquired, particularly from surveys and user interaction analytics, may not be accurate due to response biases or technological constraints. It might not be possible to do a complete and in-depth study due to a lack of resources. It is also possible that the initiative won't be able to reach its whole target audience due to financial constraints. These limitations make it necessary to evaluate project outcomes cautiously and with a complete understanding of the project's environment.

Conclusion

A program created to enhance women's education on contraception produced a variety of generalizable results, according to researchers in the United Kingdom. These lessons will aid in the professional development and can be used to future ventures. Through this project, I've learned the value of prior preparation, communication, and adaptable leadership. These aspects might be used to my current role to improve my capacity to contribute to the accomplishment of projects, the involvement of important stakeholders, and their general success.

By imparting the knowledge to the co-workers and partners, one may foster a culture where efficient project management is the standard. The initiative's goals go beyond just disseminating birth control information. All sorts of healthcare projects will be affected by the used tactics, which include collaborative stakeholder involvement, the use of digital technology, and cultural sensitivity.

These recommendations may be used anywhere to complete projects more quickly and effectively. In conclusion, this project's effects go well beyond what is intended. They lay the groundwork necessary for the growth of expert project management abilities, the improvement of team member competencies, and the accomplishment of increasingly challenging objectives in the healthcare and educational sectors.

 

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References

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Böttcher, B., Abu-El-Noor, M., & Abu-El-Noor, N. (2019). Choices and services related to contraception in the Gaza strip, Palestine: perceptions of service users and providers. BMC Women's Health, 19, 1-8. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-019-0869-0
Cameron, S. T., Glasier, A., McDaid, L., Radley, A., Baraitser, P., Stephenson, J., & Norrie, J. (2020). Use of effective contraception following provision of the progestogen-only pill for women presenting to community pharmacies for emergency contraception (Bridge-It): a pragmatic cluster-randomised crossover trial. The Lancet, 396(10262), 1585-1594. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31785-2
Cavallaro, F. L., Benova, L., Owolabi, O. O., & Ali, M. (2020). A systematic review of the effectiveness of counselling strategies for modern contraceptive methods: what works and what doesn’t?. BMJ sexual & reproductive health, 46(4), 254-269. http:// dx. doi. org/ 10. 1136/ bmjsrh- 2019- 200377 
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