Task

CHCDIS007-FACILITATE THE EMPOWERMENT OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITY

Activities

Activity 1A 

Outline your understanding of how people with disability were treated historically, prior to the Introduction of Disability-related laws. Consider Institutionalised versus person-centred approaches.

1. Explain the roles of the following:

Disability Services Act 1986: The legislation entitled the Disability Services Act 1986 aimed the promote a planned and integrated method of helping persons with disability to look for, obtain and obtain gainful employment (Training, 2024). 
Disability Discrimination Act 1992: Section 47 of the Disability Discrimination Act 1992 specifies sections that would protect persons with disability from discrimination (Østerud, 2022). Discrimination in areas like employment, education, goods and services, and accommodation becomes unlawful. 

2. Name THREE other items of legislation and agreements related to the disability industry.

●    National Disability Insurance Scheme Act 2013: The NDIS will be the National Disability Insurance Scheme under which the support and services to Australians with permanent disability are to be provided (Carey et al., 2021).
●    National Disability Agreement: New horizons in developing the outcome and service delivery in the disability domain.
●    United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD): This guideline was adopted by Australia in the year 2008.

Activity 1B

1. Name any five conflicts that were identified in Erik Erikson's study of Psychological development.

●    Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy) (0 - 18 months)
●    Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Early Childhood) (2 - 3 years)
●    Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool Age) (3 - 5 years)
●    Industry vs. Inferiority (School Age) (6 - 11 years)
●    Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence) (12 - 18 years)

Activity 1C

1. Outline 3 of the myths surrounding disabilities and their corresponding facts 

2. Reflect and write briefly about your own attitudes/ perceptions on working with people who have disabilities. 

Personal attitudes and perceptions towards people with disabilities that I hold all regard to principles of disability working in line with the principles of working with empowered and valued and valued service users, acknowledging each user's capabilities and needs. I think it is important to use an affirmation style which concentrates on what can be done and not on what cannot. 

Activity 1D

1. Listed below are the types of disabilities, outlining different adapted approaches to deal with various consumer requirements. 

• Cognitive Disability: Learning disabilities may call for special accommodations like using basic language, graphics and use of particular schedules which will help the girl grasp and contribute effectively. 

• Intellectual Disability: Since intellectually disabled people have special needs, they are provided with individual programs aimed at skill enhancement, social integration, and, therefore, also at making personal decisions (Snipstad, 2021). 

• Physical Disability: Learners with physical impairment might require facility modifications that would include ramps for wheelchairs, modified equipment and environments to enhance their mobility. 

• Psychiatric Disability: Patient conditions like psychiatric complications call for patience, care, and personal activities such as care plans, services, and treatments. 

• Sensory Disability: Approximately 65 per cent of deaf or blind children need sign language or braille to communicate (Pérez-Aguirre et al., 2024). 

• Acquired Brain Injury: “Acquired Brain Injury or ABI” calls for cognitive rehabilitation, speech therapy and physical rehabilitation because the effects of ABI require a rehabilitation process. 

• Autism Spectrum Disorder: ASD entails organisation and methods such as applied behaviour analysis, incorporation of sensory features, and social skills development. 

• Development Delay: Children with developmental delays need early intervention programs and services, special education services and structure involving an “individualised education plan (IEP)”, as well as developmental therapies focused on a child’s specific delays. 

• Neurological Impairment: Central nervous system disorders (for example, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral palsy) imply the development of extensive management programs for motor, communicative, and learning disabilities (Pan et al., 2020). 

Activity 2A

1. Outline the purpose of the National Disability Strategy and what it aims to do.

The National Disability Strategy will increase the opportunities and rights of individuals with disabilities as it applies to all spheres of life. It presents a plan which will be used in increasing access to services and facilities, Health care, education, employment and support systems. 

Activity 2B

1. How can you ensure that people with disabilities contribute and are heard in society? How are their rights established in the context of person-centred practices?

We can support the idea that it is critical to involve persons with disabilities in society and incorporate the practice of person-centred approaches that promote people's rights.

This includes designing care plans in terms of their lifestyle, social background as well as religious requirements for ceremonies and diets.

Cultures hence making communication easy and eliminating cases of misunderstandings (Training, 2024). Person-centred practices also include respect for the people's rights including those with disability as enshrined in international law like the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

2. What is augmentative and alternative communication? How might this help someone with a disability to communicate with you, their carers and significant others?

Communicative augmentation and/or substitution are activities and instruments that complement or replace regular speaking to talk for those who cannot or have limitations in speaking. This can consist of hand movements, body language, Symbol Graphic Symbol Board along with other applications, and operative gadgets for speech. 

Activity 2C

1. Explain your understanding of cultural sensitivity. 

Cultural competence on the other hand is defined as the understanding and capacity, as well as the desire, to adapt to perceived cultural differences in belief, behaviour, and/or customs of others (Young & Guo, 2020). They incorporate the ability to absorb information without making value judgments and imposing one’s cultural practices on the receiving party, particularly in the workplace like caregiving. 

2. List 5 ways to provide culturally appropriate cars. 

●    On the off chance that potential, they distinguished utilising interpretation services to be especially compelling in understanding the patient's educated assent and about the operations to be embraced in future.
●    Regard patients' cultural and spiritual beliefs concerning eating habits and remember them for creating care plans that permit them to keep up with important works in regards to fasting and devouring.
●    All data including the care plan ought to be profited in the preferred language of the care beneficiary to upgrade cognizance.
●    Recommend progressing commitment with cultural territories through allowing appearances and organising local area occasions (Emmanuel et al., 2023).
●    To manage non-verbal communication differences, it is important to give unique preparation stages to staff members concerning cultural tolerance and acknowledgement.

Activity 2D

1. What are the signs of human rights breaches that you should look out for?

●    To manage non-verbal communication differences, it is important to give unique preparation phases to staff members concerning cultural tolerance and acknowledgement.
●    The customer and caregiver are at one another's throats habitually.
●    Abnormal behaviour or character changes of the purchaser.
●    Bruises, cuts, scratches, absent or torn dress, a hyper-extended or broken arm or leg, whatever other sign that the kid has been limited or genuinely rebuffed in some way.
●    Caregiver demanding not permitting the purchaser to be let be (Training, 2024).
●    Infringement of expected behaviours like shaking, murmuring or sucking finger/thumb.
●    Discolouration of the genital region, contaminations of the genital region and any Fluffy and torn clothing (Berlit et al., 2021).
●    Infections like deficiency of weight, malnutrition, dehydration and unsanitary convenience.
●    Ex reporting of huge and unexplainable withdrawals from the purchaser's records or cash flow fluctuations.
●    It shows that the patient has been up or under sedated or has been charged for copying medicines.

2. What are the appropriate ways to respond to human rights breaches?

●    Stick to official channels and compose a report sticking to the association's grievance system.
●    Illuminate heads/the executives or some other faculty in the association with fitting power.
●    Consolidate legal advisers to give criticism in the event that the break is extreme.
●    Ensure that arrangements of the inner grievance strategy are kept in the agreements given to workers.
●    Advise staff and buyers regarding their rights and what ought to be done when their rights are violated (McCorquodale & Nolan, 2021).

Activity 2E

1. What types of abuse are there and how can they be identified?

Financial Exploitation

●    Identification: Exorbitant cash or other financial-related withdrawals, changes in balances, disappearance of things, most recent reports, going through bills and finding that there are a few sums that have not been paid regardless of the presence of adequate assets, other unexplained buys on services that are not of need.

Physical Abuse
●    Identification: Falls with no obvious explanation for them, bruises, fractures, changes in measurements of prescription, signs of holding down a written-up individual, denying to take the patient and leaving (Di Lorenzo et al., 2023).

Emotional Abuse
●    Identification: Physical hostility towards the caregiver or any aggressive behaviour, aggressive verbal behaviour, visible agitation, and self-stimulation, for example, shaking, muttering, or sucking on a thumb.

Sexual Abuse
●    Identification: Separation outside skin wounds, genital or different regions viewed as tainted with sexually transmitted diseases which are unexplained, Genital or butt-centric blood stains, Torn or stained under-wears.

Neglect/Abandonment
●    Identification: Diminished food admission, anxiety, being excessively slim, having the runs, not washing by any means, having physical ailments untreated, wearing incorrect sort of apparel, unhygienic house, being abandoned out in the open spots (Training, 2024).

Healthcare Fraud

●    Identification: One is the subject of a twofold instalment for similar clinical costs, indications of over or under-prescription, poor care given comparable to the cash paid, or issues with the healthcare community.

2. How should you act on suspected abuse? 

In the event that an individual has a doubt of youngster or accomplice abuse, it is fundamental to appropriately report it and act. In the first place, for the wronged party to feel comprehended, one needs to listen distinctly to what the individual is talking about. Act by composing notes about perceptions and frequency that have been reported by the staff keeping up with the clients' secrecy.

Put the suspicions in the legitimate workforce of your organisation including your superior or other management team, and on the off chance that you need to utilise the standard operational method to pass the worry to the untouchables (Manley & Williams, 2019).

Give crisis intervention to the impacted individual and ensure that they are secured, and inform the person there is legal support on the off chance that he/she needs to gripe about an organisation.

Activity 3A

1. Explain the person-centred approach.

Person-centred approach on the other hand emphasises the individuality of persons meaning every individual is the special result of the process of ageing. This approach is built on respect and promotes the dignity of the person with a disability, which recognizes the individual's experience as the most important (Jobe, 2022).

This idea permits and promotes the care and support plans while observing the individual's wishes and preferences, along with autonomy and choice. It is designed to enable people, to improve their well-being and encourage self-sufficiency based on the client's situation and personal goals.

Activity 3B

Discuss and respond to the following questions with a person with disability and / or family and / or carer and / or relevant others during your work placement: 

1. What are the needs, goals and difficulties of the person with a disability?

Consequently, the city has to meet the needs and/or fulfil the goals of a disabled person, which always has difficulties but may also have unique characteristics; thus, they often require an accessible environment, proper medical care, and assistance with everyday tasks. Targets tend to include the achievement of personal and economic self-sufficiency, vocation, education and companionship. Challenges could further be categorised into practical, language and social rejections.

2. What current options or services are being used to assist them in achieving these needs and goals?

At the moment different opus and services are employed with the aim of helping the person with a disability to fulfil needs and objectives. Lastly, social support Hospitals community associations and social contact assist in the improvement of relationships and social interactions (Bjørlykhaug et al., 2021). Aids from government and advocacy services are equally essential to fulfilling its goals and needs, including financial assistance.

3. What support has been provided to make their own decisions?
The assistance given to facilitate the client's decision-making entails the provision of communication equipment and devices that boost the individual's choices. Decision-making entails the involvement of healthcare practitioners, counsellors, and workers on a consistent basis.

4. What are their communication and care preferences?
Their interpersonal communication as well as their preferences of how they would like to be cared for mainly involves those that are convenient for them depending on the extent of their disability. In this case, the interaction includes, but is not limited to the use of graphic displays, like charts or pictograms, to pass information across.

Residents’ care plans are required and they have to include an individual's choice regarding activities of daily living, bathing, dressing, and health care (Brown et al., 2022). Building a good relationship with the caregivers and relatives assists in understanding and honouring these preferences and that communication difficulties are recognised and support is offered in a way that does not undermine clients’ independence and dignity.

Activity 3C

1. Name Any 10 Aspects of personal goals in life deemed essential for the satisfaction of clients with a disability under the Quality Framework for Disability.

●    Being safe
●    Looking after self
●    Being independent
●    Choosing supports
●    Paying for things
●    How to live
●    Where to live
●    Doing valued work
●    Always learning
●    Communicating

Activity 3D

1. What is active support and how can it be used to empower the person with a disability? 

Active support is one of the approaches to delivering care that seeks to help and encourage people with disabilities primarily to be active in their day-to-day activities. It entails ensuring the right amount of support is extended in order to assist people in carrying out their tasks on their own strength.

Active support motivates a person by increasing their confidence, they are not restricted to their homes or beds, and they get a chance to be creative.

2. What is self-advocacy? List some examples.

It covers the extent to which clients, especially those with ID, can adequately speak, decide and ask for what they want and need. It entails embracing one's rights and responsibilities as well as actively participating in the determination of the outcomes (Bruce & Aylward, 2021). Examples of self-advocacy include:

●    Expressing concerns or preferences the patients have in terms of the kind of care they wish to be given.
●    Applying for a particular accommodation in the workplace or how to get an accommodation for a child in school.
●    Requesting help or assistance when the situation necessitates it
●    Being involved in decision-making of issues that affect their lives
●    Acquiring new skills that will make the person more independent.
●    Getting a word in when people are discussing in groups or during meetings.

3. Explain the importance of active listening skills.

The skills involve paying attention when interacting with the clients or any other people in a particular setting and should be nurtured since they play an essential role in ascertaining efficient communication more so while working with disabled persons. These skills include paying close attention, comprehension, interaction, and recall in relation to what the speaker is saying.

Essential facets for implementing active listening include flexibility and respectfulness which allow the support workers to know the needs, channels of preference, and worries of individuals. It also avails the speaker herself an opportunity to be heard and be of some importance since this fosters her power and ambitious sense.

4. Explain strength based approach.

The practice that is referred to as strength-based is based on the exploration of a client's positive traits and strengths rather than discovering his or her flaws and limitations. This method focuses on strength, competency, and desirable character, with an element that can help a person accomplish objectives and conquer adversities (Flückiger et al., 2023). Disabled people have abilities and potential which need to be promoted to enable them to make their own choices and get as involved as they can in their own lives.

Activity 3E

1. How can you ensure that the person with a disability is comfortable with any decisions that are being made on their behalf? 

To increase the level of satisfaction of a person with a disability with regard to decisions that affect them, the latter should play an active role in decision-making.

In occasions where they seem to have difficulties in understanding what their options entail, try to explain further and use any communication device to explain the consequences of the choices as much as possible and give them time to consult with close relatives, friends, or any advisors (Amerstorfer & Freiin von Münster-Kistner, 2021).

Make sure the clients ' rights are being upheld and protected and make a list of advocates if there is a need for one.

2. Specify two requirements, with regard to decision-making, that are outlined in the National Disability Insurance Scheme.

●    Self-determination 
●    Independence 

Activity 3F

1. Provide details of 4 different ways of arranging advocacy support.

●    Independent Advocacy Workers: Look for the services of qualified people, who are independent practitioners in improving the rights of people with disability.
●    Companions/Relatives: Energise your companions or family members with a disability to get different companions or family members to represent them.
●    Mediation Between Advocacy Workers and Support Network: Advance contact and discussion with independent advocacy workers and others who are concerned with the individual's requirements.
●    Registered Agencies: Move toward the contact subtleties of the registered advocacy agencies, these agencies incorporate advocacy yet may incorporate the Public Disability Advocacy Program supplier locator (Szlamka et al., 2022).

2. Which processes of complaint are available to clients with disabilities?

●    Direct Protests to Organisations: The clients can raise the issues that they have with the specialist co-ops to chiefs and delegates of the organisations being referred to.
●    Australian Human Rights Commission: Clients under the Act might report matters that are discriminatory in nature to the Australian Human Rights Commission.
●    Legal Specialists/Backers: It is in this that the clients can counsel attorneys or attorneys on issues of segregation or different grievances.
●    Public Disability Abuse and Neglect Hotline: Clients and others in the general public can counsel the Public Disability Abuse and Neglect Hotline for guidance or pass on any abuse or neglect-related matters (Collins & Murphy, 2021).

Project 1

1. How might clients with disabilities be discriminated against? Provide examples

Handicapped clients may be separated in various everyday issues. For example, they might experience the ill effects of business separation where managers might deny them an opportunity to work or give offices to the crippled. In training, they are probably going to be kept out of assets they need or have lower learning assumptions estimated against them.

Diversion offices probably won't be accessible to them; they can't likewise go out to blend with their neighbours. Healthcare segregation can be capable of assuming that healthcare suppliers deny the required treatment or neglect the self-organising rights. Social, that is, separation could show itself as confinement or in disparaging behaviours.

2. Provide an example of each of the following to demonstrate your understanding of the legal and ethical considerations for working with people with disabilities.

a) Code of conduct: In regards to procedures and proper standards of interacting with clients, a support worker has a code of conduct not to discriminate against clients with a disability (Leif et al., 2023).
b) dignity of risk: Subsequently, a man with a disability chooses to go rock climbing, and his care worker makes certain security procedures having been observed while the man has the right to do as he wants.
c) duty of care: A caregiver is responsible for the administration of medication and also helps with manoeuvring the client with a disability as planned in the client's care plan.
d) informed consent: A surgeon discusses the benefits and known complications of surgery to a client with a disability and, for the action to be taken by the surgeon, the client gives his informed agreement.
e) mandatory reporting: Scot takes his client with a disability to a social worker who, by virtue of the law, reports such cases of abuse to the appropriate enforcing agencies to facilitate the protection of the client (Munobwa et al., 2021).
f) privacy, confidentiality and disclosure: Even in discussing with a client, a therapist does not disclose any information about the client’s disability without his or her consent or where the law permits the disclosure for the protection of the client or other people.
g) work role boundaries — responsibilities and limitations: Assistive support staff helps a disabled student in the classroom with academic work but does not prescribe medical care to the student but rather the school nurse or other health care provider.
h) Health and safety: An accessible workplace means that an employer provides a chance of full employment to customers with disabilities, providing such things as ramps, and accessible buildings, guaranteeing the right against discrimination, and practising protection measures in order to avoid the occurrence of any mishap.

3. What Is Article 19 under the UNCRPD?

According to Article 19 of the "UNCRPD (UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities)” the right to existence as an independent person and the right to be included in the community is recognized (Carlo et al., 2021). It focuses on an individual’s autonomy to self-reliance and self-determination of PWDs in integration within the society with consideration to social services and assistance in the consumption of opportunities in society.

4. What Are Social and Medical Models of Disability?

Social Model of Disability: 

●    Thinks about disability as a result of people's prejudicial actions and perceptions and not an individual's hindrance.
●    Stresses on the disposal of hindrances as connected with the climate and society to take into account the acknowledgement of full investment.
●    In volition or advocacy, it, for the most part, zeroes in on changing or moving people's beliefs and perceptions, individual and collective laws, as well as physical foundations adding to the underlying acknowledgement of the apparent sub-bunch.
●    Battles for the rights and opportunities of the impaired individuals on legal and social standings.

Medical Model of Disability:

●    Sees disability as the immediate consequence of some form of hindrance to an individual's physical or mental state.
●    Stresses diagnosis, treatment, and recuperation to 'cure' the disability.
●    Accentuates treatment for diseases or handicaps bringing about the improvement or abolishment of the debilitations.
●    Forces social parts of disability to the foundation more regularly relating to the cultural as well as the physical climate.

Project 2 

1. Research and write the rights that clients with disabilities have in NSW.

Clients with handicaps in NSW ought to have the option to partake in the residents' fundamental rights of getting to services, schooling, and business; they ought not to be oppressed; rather they ought to appreciate equivalent rights to be independent and take part in local area activities. They fall under the "Disability Discrimination Act” of the year 1992 and are adjusted by the “National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS)” (Duncan et al., 2020).

2. List 2 most common genetic causes of intellectual disabilities.

●    Down syndrome: Consequence of halfway or complete tripling of chromosome 21.
●    Fragile X syndrome: From a chromosomal abnormality especially from the X chromosome, in the FMR1 quality (Hnoonual et al., 2024).

3. Explain briefly 2 examples of disabilities caused by physical trauma/accidents.

●    Spinal cord injury: Can cause loss of motion or loss of feeling underneath the impacted region typically in the four effective areas in the body; cervical, lumbar, sacral and coccygeal districts by harming the nerves because of auto collisions or falls.
●    Traumatic brain injury: This may prompt learning handicaps, memory loss, and physical incapacities depending upon the extent of conflict and generally because of head wounds.

4. Explain briefly 2 examples of disabilities caused by psychological trauma.
●    Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): It can lead to conditions such as panic, reliving of the event, and impairing the basic functioning in day-to-day life and is caused by any form of use of force (Kim et al., 2020).
●    Severe depression: In this case can cause major crises in emotional and physical health, which hinders one from carrying out day-to-day activities; it is usually precipitated by stress or traumatic events.

5. Explain briefly 2 examples of disabilities caused by chronic lifestyle conditions.

●    Type 2 diabetes: Sometimes may cause such side effects as neuropathy and vision loss, usually due to poor nutrition and physical inactivity in the long run.
●    Cardiovascular disease: Can lead to crippling physical to the extent of restricted mobility Often indicated by unhealthy habits such as smoking, poor diet, and lack of exercise among other things (Keessen et al., 2020).

6. Access the information at the following website:
Tech Breakthroughs That EmpowerPeople with Disabilities: http://mashable.com/2011/10/05/tech-disabled/#Jw RiVals 

7.Select one of the devices in this article. For the device you have selected, complete the following questions:

What is the device?    
Car for the Blind (Shaver, 2011)

Who will benefit from using it? 
 The government points to blind persons who want to have additional mobility and independence.

How does it work? 
They employ the use of computer systems, micro sensors, cameras, seat-relevant vibration, pulsating electrical signals in gloves, signal bells and hooters, and virtual pictures on screen through compressed air (Shaver, 2011).

How is it empowering?    
Gives a blind person an opportunity to drive a car so that s/he can move around freely, therefore, increasing his/her mobility rate (Shaver, 2011).

Top Nursing Samples
 

Reference List 

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